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Syllabus of Pediatric Nursing
"儿科护理学"教学大纲
Credits: 3
学分数:3
Nature of the Course:
课程性质:
Required Course for Undergraduate Nursing Program
专业必修课
Pre-courses:
预修课程:
Fundamental Nursing, Health Assessment
护理学基础,健康评估
Objectives:
教学目的:
Upon the studying of the course, the students are expected to understand the knowledge, principle, theory and skills of pediatric nursing, and could integrate holistic nursing view to pediatric nursing. Students will be demonstrated with child health promotion and child care in both clinical and community setting.
通过本课程的教学,使学生熟悉儿科护理的基本理论,基本原则,基本知识,掌握儿科护理的基本方法,将整体护理的观念贯彻到儿科护理过程中.
Course Description
课程描述
Pediatric nursing focuses on the pattern of child growth and development, child health promotion and disease prevention, and direct care of illness children. This subject is designed to offer principles and theories of child growth and development, child nutrition, child health promotion, vaccination, nursing care of hospitalized children,nursing care of newborn baby with neonatal diseases, nursing care of patients with infective disease et al. The pathophysiological bases of diseases and therapies are identified and related to the rationale of nursing care. Pediatric nursing aims at protecting children from illness and injury, assisting them to attain optimal levels of health, regardless of health problems, and rehabilitation. Pediatric nurses must be concerned with social and environmental influences, which have a major impact on the health and well-being of children and their families, as well as with particular biologic processes and diseases. Philosophy of pediatric nursing include family-centered care, atraumatic care, accountability and risk management. Pediatric nurses' roles are involved in every aspect of a child's and family's growth and development. No matter where pediatric nurses practice, their primary concern is the welfare of the child and family.
儿科护理学是一门研究小儿生长发育规律,儿童保健,疾病预防和护理,以促进小儿身心健康的护理学科.本课程将介绍小儿生长发育,儿童营养,儿童保健,预防接种,住院患儿护理,新生儿疾病患儿护理,感染性和非感染性疾病患儿的护理等基本原理和理论.儿科护理的目的是保护小儿免受疾病和伤害,帮助他们在疾病以及康复过程中尽可能地达到最佳健康状态.儿科护士在关注小儿的生理过程和疾病的同时应关注社会和环境因素对小儿及其家庭健康状况的影响.儿科护理的理念包括以家庭为中心的护理,尽可能减少创伤,对小儿负责和危险管理.儿科护士应积极促进各年龄阶段小儿及其家庭的生长发育.不管儿科护士在何种场所为小儿及其家庭提供护理,其首要前提必须是维护小儿及其家庭的利益.
Teaching and learning methods
教学方法:
Lectures, lab demonstration, clinical observation, and case study. Multimedia teaching will be applied in the whole teaching and learning processs
课堂讲授,示教,临床见习,个案讨论.本课程全程采用多媒体教学
Textbook:
教材:
Hu Yan. Pediatric Nursing. Beijing: People's Health Publisher. 2005.
胡雁主编. 儿科护理学双语教材.北京:人民卫生出版社,2005年出版
Reference
参考用书:
Ball J. & Bindler R. (1999). Pediatric Nursing: Caring for Children. (2nd Ed.). Stamford: Appleton & Lange.
Whaley & Wong (1999). Nursing Care of Infants and Children. (6th Ed.). Philadelphia: Mosby Company.
Behrman, Kliegman & Jenson (2000). Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. (16th Ed.). Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Company.
崔炎. 儿科护理学 (第三版). 北京: 人民卫生出版社, 2002.
胡亚美(2003).诸福棠实用儿科学. (第七版).北京: 人民卫生出版社, 2002.
王慕逖主编. 儿科学. 第五版.北京:人民卫生出版社,2002.
薛辛东,孙梅,芦惠摘编. 现代儿科学英语精要. 第一版. 北京:人民卫生出版社,2003.
Arrangement for teaching and learning
《儿科护理学》双语教学时数安排和教学方法
This syllabus is developed for undergraduate nursing program. The referred credits is 3, which is 63 school hours teaching and learning (48 hours for lectures and 15 hours for case analysis and demonstration).
本教学大纲适合于护理本科教育,学分为3学分,参考学时为63学时,其中理论48学时,临床见习和病例分析15学时.
Content
教 学 内 容
Lecutres
理论课
Demonstration and Case analysis
示教和病例讨论
1.Overview of Pediatric Nursing
绪论
8
3
2. Child Growth and Development
小儿生长发育
3. Child Health Care
儿童保健
4. Taking care of hospitalized children and family
住院儿童及其家庭的护理
5. Nutritional needs through childhood
儿童营养
6. Nursing care of the high-risk newborn ad family
新生儿与新生儿疾病患儿的护理
6
3
7. Nursing care of the child with nutrition disorders
营养障碍疾病患儿的护理
4
8. Nursing care of the child with a gastrointestinal disorder
消化系统疾病患儿的护理
4
9. Nursing care of the child with a respiratory disorder
呼吸系统疾病患儿的护理
4
10. Nursing care of the child with a cardiovascular disorder
循环系统疾病患儿的护理
6
3
11. Nursing care of the child with a renal or urinary tract disorder
泌尿系统疾病患儿的护理
4
3
12.Nursing care of the child with a blood disorder
造血系统疾病患儿的护理
2
13.Nursing care of the child with a neurologic disorder
神经系统疾病患儿的护理
2
14. Nursing care of the child with an endocrine or metabolic disorder
内分泌系统疾病患儿的护理
2
3
15. Nursing care of the child with an immune disorder
免疫缺陷病和结缔组织病患儿的护理
2
16.Nursing Care of Children in Emergency
小儿急症的护理
4
3
Chapter 1 Overview of Pediatric Nursing
第一章 儿科护理学绪论
Characteristics of Pediatrics and Philosophies and Goals of Pediatric Nursing
Characteristics of Pediatrics
Philosophies and Goals of Pediatric Nursing
Family-Centered Care
Atrumatic Care
Accountability and Risk Management
Stages of Growth and Development and Common Characteristics of Each Stage
Fetal Period
Neonatal Period
Infancy
Toddler's Age
Preschool Age
School Age
Adolescence
Tasks of Pediatric Nurses
Providing Direct Nursing Care
Family advocacy/Caring
Disease Prevention/Health Promotion
Health Education
Counseling
Restorative Role
Cordination/Collaboratlion
Ethical Decision Making
Research
Settings for Pediatric Nursing Care
Ethics Concepts and Responsibilities
Future Trends of Pediatric Nursing
了解:儿科的特点和儿科护理的理念
儿科的特点
儿科护理的理念
家庭为中心的护理
尽可能减少创伤
对小儿负责和危险管理
掌握:小儿的年龄分期和各期的特点
胎儿期
新生儿期
婴儿期
幼儿期
学龄前期
学龄期
青少年期
熟悉:儿科护士的角色和任务
提供直接护理
小儿及家庭的代言人
小儿疾病预防和健康促进
提供健康教育
提供咨询
帮助小儿康复
协调和合作
正确处理相关的伦理问题
开展儿科护理相关研究
了解:儿科护理的场所
了解:儿科护理中的伦理问题
了解:儿科护理的发展趋势
Chapter 2 Growth and Development of Children
第二章 小儿生长发育
overview of growth and development
Concepts of Growth and Development
Methods of Studying Growth and Development
Standard Deviation
Percentile Approach
Growth and Developmental Chart Approach
Growth Index Approach
Patterns of Growth and Development
Biologic Growth and Development
Physical Growth and Development
Physical Growth and External Proportions
Skeletal Growth and Maturation
Teething
Neurologic Maturation
Growth of Lymphoid Tissues
Development of Organ Systems
Sensory Changes
Motor Development
Catch-up Growth
Physiologic Changes
Metabolism
Temperature
Sleep and Rest
Development of psychosocial function and personality
Temperament
Characteristics of Temperament
Categories of Temperament
Significance of Temperament义
Theoretic Foundations of Mental Development
Psychosexual Development
Psychosocial Development
Cognitive Development
Moral Development
Interpersonal Development
Theoretic Foundations of Language Development
Stages of Language Development
Factors Affecting Language Acquisition
Theoretic Foundations of Childhood Social Learning
Conditioning
Modeling or Observational Learning
Role Learning in Children
Development of Self-concept
Body Image
Self-esteem
Role of Play in Development
Classification of Play
Content of Play
Social Character of Play
Functions of Play
Sensorimotor Development
Intellectual Development
Socialization
Creativity
Self-awareness
Therapeutic Value
Moral Value
Toys
Selecting Toys
Toy Safety
Selected factors that influencee growth and development
Heredity
Gender
Disease
Season and Climate
Prenatal Influences
Environmental Hazards
Nutrition
Interpersonal Relationships
Love and Affection
Security
Discipline and Authority
Emotional Deprivation
Childhood Fears
Spoiled Child Syndrome
Influence of the Mass Media
了解:生长发育概述
有关的概念
生长发育的评价方法
标准差法
百分位法
生长发育曲线图法
生长指数法
生长发育的规律
掌握:小儿生物学生长和发育
体格生长
体格生长和身体各部分的比例
骨骼的生长发育
牙齿的发育
神经系统的发育
淋巴组织的发育
器官系统的发育
感知的发育
运动功能的发育
追赶生长
生理变化
新陈代谢
体温
睡眠和休息
熟悉:小儿心理社会功能和个性的发育
气质
气质的特征
气质的类型
气质的意义
心理发育的理论基础
精神心理发育(弗洛伊德)
心理社会发育(埃瑞克森)
认知发育(皮亚杰)
道德发育(库伯格)
人际关系发展理论(沙利文)
语言发育的理论基础
语言的发育
语言发育的影响因素
小儿社会学习理论基础
操作性条件理论(斯金纳)
观察学习模式
角色学习模式
自我概念的发展
身体影像
自尊
熟悉:游戏在小儿发育中的作用
游戏的分类
游戏的内容
游戏的社会特征
游戏的功能
感知运动发育
智力发育
社会化过程
创造能力的发展
自我意识的发展
治疗效应
道德发育
玩具
玩具的选择
玩具的安全性
掌握:影响小儿生长发育的因素
遗传因素
性别因素
疾病因素
季节和气候
孕期因素
环境因素
营养状况
人际交往
爱和情感
安全感
纪律和教养
情感缺失
小儿的害怕情绪
小儿宠惯综合征
传播媒体的影响
第三章 小儿健康评估
Chapter 3 Children Health Assessment
Communication with children and family
Principles of Communication with children
Techniques of Communication with Children
Communication with Parents
Health History Collection
Content of Health History
Review of Systems
Physical Examination
Principle of physical assessment
General guidelines for Performing Pediatric Physical Examination
Content of Physical examination
Developmental Assessment
Developmental Screening
Developmental Diagnosis
Family Assessment
Assessment of family structure
Assessment of family function
Nutritional Assessment
Dietary Intake
Clinical Examination
Evaluation of nutritional assessment
熟悉:与小儿及其家庭的沟通
与小儿沟通的原则
与小儿沟通的技巧
与小儿家长的沟通
熟悉:健康史收集
健康史的内容
系统回顾
掌握:体格检查
小儿体格检查的原则
小儿体格检查的一般技巧
体格检查的内容
熟悉:发育评估
筛查性测验
诊断性测验
熟悉:家庭评估
家庭结构评估
家庭功能评估
熟悉:营养评估
饮食摄入
临床检查
营养评价
Chapter 4 Child Health Promotion and Disease Prevention
第四章 儿童保健和疾病预防
Health promotion of the newborn and family
Feeding and Nutrition
Maintain Stable Body Temperature
Daily Care
Protect from Infection and Injury
Promote Parent-Infant Bonding (Attachment)
Health promotion of the Infant and family
Nutrition and Feeding
Sleep and Activity
Dental Health
Daily Care
Social Development
Illness Prevention
Injury Prevention
Health promotion of the Toddler, Preschooler and family
Nutrition and Feeding
Sleep and Activity
Dental Health
Social Development
Toilet Training
Early Education and Health Care in Kindergarten
Kindergarten Experience
Health Care of Children in Kindergarten
Common Behavior Problem in Toddlers and Preschooler
Temper Tantrums
Negativism
Speech Problem
Aggression
Fear
Disease Prevention and Injury Prevention
Health promotion of the School-age child and family
Health behavior
Nutrition
Sleep and Activity
Dental Health
Physical Activity
School Education
Social Development
Injury Prevention
Health promotion of the adolescent and family
Growth and Development of the Adolescent
Physical Development and Sexual Development
Psychosocial Development
Adolescents' Perceptive on Health
Health Concerns of Adolescence
Psychosocial Adjustment
Intentional and Unintentional Injury
Dietary Habits and Eating Disorders
Physical Fitness
Education for Sexual Knowledge and Behavior
Establishing Healthy Lifestyle
Injury Prevention
Aspiration of Foreign Objects/Suffocation
Falls
Poisoning
Burns
Drowning
Motor Vehicle Injuries
Bodily Damage
Nurse's Role in Injury Prevention
Health Promotion for the Child in the Community
Developmental Surveillance
Health Promotion
Planned Immunization
Schedule for Planned Immunization
Recommendations for Routine Immunization
Reactions and Management
Contraindications/Precautions
Administration Immunization
熟悉:新生儿及其家庭的健康促进
喂养和营养
保暖
生活护理
预防感染和意外伤害
促进父母和小儿的亲子感情
熟悉:婴儿及其家庭的健康促进
营养和喂养
睡眠和活动
牙齿的健康
生活护理
社会化发展
预防疾病
预防意外
熟悉:幼儿和学龄前儿童及其家庭的的健康促进
营养和喂养
睡眠和活动
牙齿的健康
社会化发展
训练大小便
在幼托机构接受早期教育和卫生保健
幼儿园的体验
幼托机构的卫生保健
幼儿和学龄前儿童常见的行为问题
发脾气
抗拒
学习语言中的问题
攻击性
害怕
预防疾病和意外
熟悉:学龄期儿童及其家庭的健康促进
健康行为
营养
睡眠和活动
牙齿健康
体格锻炼
学校教育
社会化发展
预防意外
了解:青少年及其家庭的健康促进
青春期的生长发育特点
体格发育和性发育
心理社会发育
青春期少年的健康观念
青春期健康相关问题
心理社会调节
有意和无意伤害
饮食习惯和饮食障碍
体格锻炼
性知识教育
建立健康的生活方式
掌握:预防意外伤害
异物吞入/窒息
跌倒
中毒
烧伤/烫伤
溺水
交通事故
身体伤害
护士在预防小儿意外伤害中的角色
熟悉:社会小儿的健康促进
发育监测
健康指导
掌握:小儿计划免疫
生物制剂类型和计划免疫的程序
常规计划免疫类型
预防接种的反应和处理
预防接种的禁忌症
计划免疫的管理
Chapter 5 Nutritional Requirements through Childhood
第五章 小儿的营养需求
Nutritional Requirements
Energy
Basal metabolism
The thermic effect of food
Energy required for growth
The resource of energy
Protein
Lipid
Carbohydrate
Classification of carbohydrates.
Functions of carbohydrates.
Vitamin
Fat-soluble vitamins
Water-soluble vitamins
Mineral
Water
Fiber
The feeding of infants
Breast feeding
Colostrum
Mature milk
Composition of human milk
Advantages of breast feeding
Management of breast feeding
Technique of breast feeding
Common problems of breast feeding
Combined feeding
Artificial feeding
Milks and milk substitutes
Technique of artificial feeding
Milk preparation
Disadvantages of artificial feeding
Weaning of breast feeding
Complementary solid food
Objects of complementary solid foods
Schedule of complementary solid foods
Teaching points for introducing solids
The feeding during the second year of life
Reduced caloric intake
Self-feeding by infants
Self-selection of diet
Daily basic diet
Dietary habits
The feeding of later childhood and adolescence
The most important nutritional considerations in pre-school aged children
The most important nutritional considerations in school-aged children
The most important nutritional considerations for adolescents
Prudent diet
了解:营养的需要量
能量
基础代谢
食物热效应
生长发育所需
提供能量的方式
蛋白质
脂类
碳水化合物
碳水化合物的分类
碳水化合物的功能
维生素
脂溶性维生素
水溶性维生素
主要矿物质
水
膳食纤维
掌握:婴儿喂养
母乳喂养
初乳
成熟乳
母乳的成分
母乳喂养的优点
母乳喂养的管理
母乳喂养的技术
母乳喂养的常见问题
混合喂养
人工喂养
乳类及代乳品
人工喂养的技术
乳液的准备
人工喂养的缺点
断乳
婴儿的辅食添加
添加的目的
添加顺序
辅食添加的注意点
掌握:出生第二年的膳食安排
减少能量的摄入
鼓励婴儿自己进食
自己选择食物
每天的基本饮食
饮食习惯
熟悉:儿童及青少年期膳食安排
学龄前儿童饮食安排特点
学龄儿童饮食安排特点
青少年饮食安排特点
合理的膳食
Chapter 6 Nursing Care of the Hospitalized Child and Family
第六章 住院患儿及其家庭的护理
THE EFFECTS OF HOSPITALIZATION ON CHILDREN AND THEIR FAMILY
Children's Understanding of Illness and hospitalization
Infant
Toddler and Preschooler
School-age Child and Adolescent
Family Responses to Hospitalization
HEALTH TEACHING WITH CHILDREN
Teaching Plans
Children with Special Needs
NURSING CARE OF THE HOSPITALIZED CHILD AND FAMILY
Preventing or Minimizing Separation
Strategies to Minimize the Effects of Separation
Minimizing Loss of Control
Promoting Freedom of Movement
Maintaining Child's Routine
Encouraging Independence
Providing Developmentally Appropriate Activities
Using play/ expressive Activities to Minimize Stress
Diversional Activities
Expressive Activities
Creative Expression
Dramatic Play
Maximizing Potential Benefits of Hospitalization
Fostering Parent-child Relationships
Providing Educational Opportunities
Promoting Self-mastery
Providing Socialization
Supporting Family Members
Providing Information
NURSING SKILL OF THE CHILD
Positioning for Procedures of Diagnostic Techniques
Diagnostic Techniques
Ugular Venipuncture
Femoral Venipuncture
Extremity Venipuncture
Medication Administration: Intravenous therapy (IV), IM,Oral medication, Nasogastric
Administration Intravenous Therapy
Administration Intramuscular
Administration Oral Medication
Administration Nasogastric Medication
Preparing a child for surgery
Preoperative Care
Psychosocial Preparation
Physical Preparation
Postoperative Care
Preventing Injury in the Hospitalized Child
Offering Positive Stimulation for the Hospitalized Children
Stimulation Children on Bedrest
Stimulation for Children in Isolation
REDUCING ELEVATED TEMPERATURE CHILDREN
PAIN ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT
Pain History
Cultural Influences on Pain
Pain Assessment Scales
Nursing Management of Pain
Nursing diagnoses for Children in Pain
Nursing Management
Pharmacologic Intervention
Nonpharmacologic Intervention
DISCHARGE PLANNING AND HOME CARE
Assessing the Child in Preparation for Discharge
Home Care Teaching
熟悉:住院对患儿及其家庭的影响
患儿对疾病及住院的理解
婴儿
幼儿及学龄前儿童
学龄儿童及青少年
家庭对患儿住院的反应
熟悉:患儿的健康教育
教育计划
有特殊需求的患儿
熟悉:住院患儿及其家庭的护理
防止或减少被分离的情况
减少分离副作用的措施
缓解失控
促进活动自由
保持患儿的日常活动
鼓励独立
提供与发育相宜的活动
应用游戏或表达的活动来减轻压力
娱乐活动
情感表达
创造性的表达
戏剧性的游戏
发掘住院治疗的潜在益处
促进父母和患儿的关系
提供教育机会
促进自我管理
提供社会化机会
为家庭成员提供支持
提供信息
掌握:儿科护理技术
诊疗技术与操作体位配合
诊疗技术
颈静脉穿刺
股静脉穿刺
四肢静脉穿刺
用药管理:静脉给药法,肌肉给药法,口服给药法,鼻饲给药法
静脉疗法
经肌肉给药
口服给药
经鼻饲管给药
患儿手术准备
术前护理
心理社会准备
身体准备
术后护理
住院患儿意外事故和损伤的预防
为住院患儿提供积极的刺激
对卧床的患儿实施刺激
对隔离的患儿给予鼓励
掌握:发热患儿的护理
掌握:疼痛的评估及护理
疼痛的病史
文化背景对疼痛的影响
疼痛的评估量表
疼痛的护理
有关患儿疼痛的护理诊断
护理措施
药物性干预
非药物性干预
熟悉:出院计划及居家护理
评价患儿的出院准备
居家护理教育
Chapter 7 Nursing Care of High-Risk Newborn and Family
第七章 高危新生儿及其家庭的护理
Classification of Newborns and Characteriatics of Newborns
Classification of Newborns
Characteristics of Newborns
Newborn Priorities in the First Days of Life
Initiating and Maintaining Respirations
Establishing Extra-uterine Circulation
Fluid and Electrolyte Balance
Temperature Regulation
Establishing Adequate Nutritional Intake
Preventing Infection
Establishing Parent-Infant Bonding
Providing Developmental Care
Nursing Care of the Newborn at Risk Because of Altered Gestational Age or Birth Weight
Nursing of the Small-for-Gestational-Age Infant
Nursing of the Large-for-Gestational-Age Infant
Nursing of the Preterm and Post-term Infant
Nursing care of preterm infant
Nursing of the Post-term infant
Nursing Care of Newborn with Hypoxic-ischemic Encephalopathy
Nursing Care of Newborn with Intracranial Hemorrhage
Nursing Care Of Newborn with Hyaline Membrane Disease
Nursing Care of Newborn with Neonatal Pneumonia
Aspiration Pneumonia
Infection Pneumonia
Nursing Care of Newborn with Gastroesophageal Reflux
Etiology
Nursing Care of Newborn with Neonatal Jaundice
Characteristic of neonatal jaundice
Characteristic of neonatal metabolism of bilirubin
Classification
Risk factors for severe hyperbilirubinemia
Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn
Neonatal Septicemia
Nursing Care Of Newborn With Neonatal Cold Injure Syndrome
Nursing Care Of Newborn With Neonatal Hypoglycemia or Hyperglycemia
Hypoglycemia
Hyperglucemia
Nursing Care of Newborn in Incubator
Nursing Care of Children with Phototherapy
Nursing Care of Newborn Exchange Transfusion
Nursing care after exchange transfusion
掌握:新生儿分类和正常新生儿的特点
新生儿分类
正常新生儿的特点
掌握:新生儿最初几天的需求
建立和维持呼吸
建立宫外血液循环
体液和电解质平衡
体温控制
足够的营养摄入
预防感染
建立亲子关系
发育支持护理
熟悉:小于或大于胎龄儿及其护理
小于胎龄儿及其护理
大于胎龄儿及其护理
掌握:早产儿,过期产儿及其护理
早产儿的护理
过期产儿及其护理
掌握:新生儿缺血缺氧性脑病
熟悉:新生儿颅内出血
熟悉:新生儿肺透明膜病
熟悉:新生儿肺炎
吸入性肺炎
感染性肺炎
熟悉:新生儿胃食道反流
掌握:新生儿黄疸
概 述
新生儿溶血
熟悉:新生儿败血症
了解:新生儿寒冷损伤综合征
了解:新生儿糖代谢紊乱
新生儿低血糖症
新生儿高血糖症
掌握:置于暖箱中的新生儿的护理
掌握:光疗患儿的护理
熟悉:换血患儿的护理
Chapter 8 Nursing Care of Child with Nutritional Disorders
第八章 营养障碍疾病患儿的护理
Malnutration
Athrepsia (Marasmus)
Protein-Calorie Malnutrition (Kwashiorkor)
Complications of malnutration
Principles of treatment
Nursing Management of Children with Malnutrition
Appendix: Protein Excess
Childhood Obesity
Etiology
Pathology
Clinical Manifestation
Diagnosis
Complications of childhood Obesity
Principles of Treatment
Nursing Management of Childhood Obesity
Rickets of Vitamin D deficiency
Source of Vitamin D and Physiological Function
Etiology
Pathology
Clinical Manifestation
Prevention
Principles of Treatment
Nursing Management of Children with Rickets of Vitamin D Deficiency
Prognosis
Tetany of Vitamin D Deficiency
Etiology
Chemical Pathology
Clinical Manifestations
Treatment and Nursing Management
Prognosis
Appendix: Hypervitaminosis D
Other types of Vitamin Deficiency
Vitamin A Deficiency
Appendix: Hypervitaminosis A
Vitamin C Deficiency (Scurvy)
Vitamin B1 Deficiency
掌握:营养不良
营养不良性消瘦
蛋白-热能营养不良
营养不良的并发症
营养不良的治疗原则
营养不良患儿的护理
附录:蛋白质过剩
熟悉:小儿肥胖症
病因
发病机理
临床表现
诊断
小儿肥胖的并发症
治疗原则
小儿肥胖的护理
掌握:维生素D缺乏性佝偻病
维生素 D来源和生理功能
病因
病理学
临床表现
预防
治疗原则
维生素D缺乏性佝偻病患儿的护理
预后
熟悉:维生素D缺乏性手足搐搦症
病因
血清生化
临床表现
处理
预后
【附录】维生素D中毒
了解:其它维生素缺乏症
维生素A缺乏症
附录:维生素A中毒
维生素C缺乏症(坏血病)
维生素B1缺乏症
Chapter 9 Nursing Care of the Child with Respiratory Disorder
第九章 呼吸系统疾病患儿的护理
Anatomy and Physiology of Respiratory System
Chest
Airways
The upper airway
The lower airway
Assessing respiratory illness in children
History
Physical assessment
Laboratory tests
Imaging studies
Respiratory illness treatment measurement used with children
Aeroso therapy
Postural drainage
Chest physiotherapy
Oxygen therapy
Artificial ventilation
ECMO
Nursing care of child with respiratory tract disorders
Upper respiratory tract infections
Acute laryngitis
Acute bronchitis
Pneumonia
Nursing care of the child with asthma
Appendix: pediatric intensive care
熟悉:小儿呼吸系统的解剖生理特点
胸部
气道
上呼吸道
下呼吸道
熟悉:小儿呼吸系统疾病的评估
过去史
身体评估
实验室检查
影像学检查
熟悉:小儿呼吸系统疾病的治疗及护理技术
雾化治疗
体位引流
胸部物理治疗
氧气治疗
人工通气
体外膜肺
掌握:呼吸道疾病患儿的护理
上呼吸道感染
急性喉炎
急性支气管
肺炎
掌握:哮喘患儿的护理
熟悉:附录:儿科重症监护
Chapter 10 Nursing Care of the Child With Cardiovascular Disorders
第十章 心血管系统疾病患儿的护理
Anatomy and physiology of the cardiovascular
Embroylogic development of the heart
The fetal circulation
The transitional circulation
Congenital Heart Disease (CHD)
Summary
Altered hemodynamics
Classify
Left to right shunt, acyanotic heart defects
Right to left shunt, cyanotic heart defects
No shunt
Commonly seen congenital heart disease in clinic
Ventricular septal defect
Pathophysiology
Clinical manifestation
Examination
Therapeutic management
Arial septal defect
Pathophysiology
Clinical manifestation
Examination
Therapeutic management
Patent ductus arteriosus
Pathophysiology
Clinical manifestation
Examination
Therapeutic management
Tetralogy of Fallot
Pathophysiology
Clinical manifestation
Examination
Therapeutic management
Pulmonary stenosis
Pathophysiology
Clinical manifestation
Examination
Therapeutic management
Nursing care of the child with congenital heart disease
Assessment of heart disorders in children
History
General appearance
Pulse, blood pressure and respirations
Murmurs
Diagnostic tests
Nursing diagnoses and interventions
Review steps for follow-up care and emergencies
Viral myocarditis
Etiology and epidemiology
Clinical manifestation
Examination
Treatment
Prognosis
Nursing Diagnosis
Nursing Interventions
Congestive heart failure (CHF)
Pathogenesis of CHF
Pathophysiology of CHF
Compensatory mechanisms
Hypertrophy and dilation of the cardiac muscle
Stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system
Clinical manifestation of CHF
The degree of cardiac function
Examination
Therapeutic management of CHF
Improve cardiac function
Remove accumulated fluid and sodium
Decrease cardiac demands
Improved tissue oxygenation
Nursing diagnoses
Nursing interventions
Assist in measures to improve cardiac function
Afterload reduction
Decrease cardiac demands
Temperature
Skin
Respiratory infection
Reduce respiratory distress
The child undergoing cardiac catheterization
Nursing diagnosis
Nursing interventions
熟悉: 小儿循环系统解剖生理特点
一.心脏的胚胎发育
二.胎儿循环
三.出生后的改变
熟悉: 先天性心脏病
一.总论
二.先天性心脏病的血液动力学改变
三.分类
左向右分流型(非青紫型)
右向左分流型(青紫型)
无分流型
熟悉: 临床常见的几型先天性心脏病
一.室间隔缺损
病理生理
临床表现
辅助检查
治疗
房间隔缺损
病理生理
临床表现
辅助检查
治疗
动脉导管未闭
病理生理
临床表现
辅助检查
治疗
法洛四联症
病理生理
临床表现
辅助检查
治疗
肺动脉狭窄
病理生理
临床表现
辅助检查
治疗
掌握: 先天性心脏病患儿的护理
一.先天性心脏病患儿的评估
健康史
一般表现
脉搏,血压和呼吸
杂音
诊断性检查
二.护理诊断及护理措施
三.继续照护和紧急情况的处理
熟悉: 病毒性心肌炎
病原学和流行病学
临床表现
辅助检查
治疗
预后
护理诊断
护理措施
熟悉: 充血性心力衰竭
充血性心力衰竭的病因
病理生理
代偿机制
心室的扩张和心肌的肥厚
兴奋交感神经系统
临床表现
心功能等级
辅助检查
治疗
增强心肌收缩力
减轻水钠潴留
减轻心脏负担
提高组织氧合
护理诊断
护理措施
增强心功能
降低心脏后负荷
减轻心脏负担
体温
皮肤
呼吸道感染
减轻呼吸困难
了解: 心导管检查
护理诊断
护理措施
Chapter 11 Nursing Care of Children with Digestive Disorders
第十一章 小儿消化系统疾病患儿的护理
Anatomy and Physiology of Digestive System
Mouth
Esophagus, Stomach
Intestine
Liver
Pancreas
Stool Patterns of Newborns
Fluid and Electrolyte Balance and Fluid Therapy
Characteristic of fluid and electrolyte balance in children
Body fluid volume and distribution
Composition of electrolytes in body fluid
Regulation of fluids and electrolytes
Fluid, Electrolyte and Acid-Alkali Imbalances
Dehydration
Hypokalemia
Disturbances of Acid-Base Balance
Fluid Therapy
Deficit replacement
Supplemental Replacement of Ongoing losses
Maintenance
Nursing responsibilities in fluid and electrolyte disturbances
The phase of preparation
The phase of fluid infusion
Diarrhea
Etiology
Mechanisms (Pathophysiology)
Clinical manifestations
Therapeutic Management
Nursing Assessment
General Nursing Problems
Nursing Objective
Nursing Intervention
Nursing Evaluation
Nursing Care of Children with other Digestive Illness
Stomatitis
Acute Necrotizing Enteritis
Intussusception
Congenital aganglionic megacolon
熟悉:小儿消化系的解剖生理特点
口腔
食管,胃
肠
肝
胰腺
健康小儿大便
熟悉:水电解质平衡及液体疗法
小儿体液平衡的特点
体液的总量和分布
体液的电解质组成
体液和电解质的调节
水,电解质和酸,碱平衡紊乱
脱水
低钾血症
酸碱平衡紊乱
液体疗法
补充累计损失量
补充继续损失量
供给生理需要量
小儿液体疗法的护理特点
补液前的准备阶段
补液阶段
掌握:小儿腹泻
病因
发病机制
临床表现
治疗要点
护理评估
常见护理问题
预期目标
护理措施
护理评价
了解:其它消化系统疾病患儿的护理
口炎
肠套叠
急性坏死性小肠炎
先天性巨结肠
Chapter 12 Nursing Care of the Child with a Blood Disorder
第十二章 血液系统疾病患儿的护理
Hematopoiesis and the Blood Components
Hematopoiesis in Childhood
Blood and its Components
Therapeutic Techniques Involving Blood and Blood Products
Blood and Blood Component Transfusions
Bone Marrow Aspiration
Bone Marrow Transplantation
Nursing Care of the Child with Disorders of the Red Blood Cells
Introduction of Anemia
Iron Deficiency Anemia
Nutritional Megaloblastic Anemia
Nursing Care of the Child with Disorders of White Blood Cells
Neutrophilia
Neutropenia
Eosinophilia
Lymphocytosis
Leukemia
Nursing Care of the Child with Disorders of Blood Coagulation
Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura
Hemophilia
熟悉:小儿造血与血液特点
小儿造血
血液特点
了解:血液及血制品相关的治疗技术
输血与成分输血
骨髓穿刺抽吸术
骨髓移植
掌握:红细胞障碍性疾病
贫血概述
缺铁性贫血
营养性巨幼细胞性贫血
熟悉:白细胞障碍性疾病
中性粒细胞增多症
中性粒细胞减少症
嗜酸性粒细胞增多症
淋巴细胞增多症
白血病
熟悉:凝血功能障碍性疾病
特发性血小板减少性紫癜
血友病
Chapter 13 Nursing Care of the Child with a Renal
or Urinary Tract Disorder
第十三章 泌尿系统疾病患儿的护理
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF THE URINARY SYSTEM
Kidneys
Ureters
Bladder
Urethra
Urine
ASSESSMENT OF URINARY TRACT STRUCTURAL ABNORMALITIES AND DYSFUNCTION
Patient history
Physical examination
Diagnostic tests
NURSING CARE OF THE CHILD WITH ACUTE GLOMERLOEPHRITIS
Pathophysiology and etiology
Clinical manifestation
Diagnostic evaluation
Management
Prognosis and complications
Nursing assessment
Nursing Diagnosis
Expected outcomes
Nursing interventions
Outcome-based evaluation
NURSING CARE OF THE CHILD WITH NEPHROTIC SYNDROME (NEPHROSIS) Pathophysiology and etiology
Clinical manifestations
Diagnostic evaluation
Management
Prognosis and complications
Nursing assessment
Nursing diagnosis
Nursing interventions
Outcome-based evaluation
NURSING CARE OF THE CHILD WITH URINARY TRACT INFECTION (UTIs)
Pathophysioloogy and etiology
Classification of UTIs
Clinical manifestation
Diagnostic evaluation
Management
Nursing assessment
Nursing diagnosis
Nursing interventions
Outcome-based evaluation
SUMMARY
熟悉:泌尿系统的解剖和生理
肾脏
输尿管
膀胱
尿道
尿液
了解:泌尿系统结构异常和功能障碍的调节
病史
体格检查
诊断性实验
掌握:急性肾小球肾炎病儿的护理
病理病因
临床表现
诊断性实验
治疗要点
预后及并发症
护理评估
护理诊断
预期目标
护理措施
评价方法
掌握:肾病综合症(肾病)病儿的护理
病理病因
临床表现
诊断性实验
治疗要点
预后及并发症
护理评估
护理诊断
预期目标
护理措施
评价方法
熟悉:泌尿道感染病儿的护理
病理病因
临床表现
诊断性实验
治疗要点
预后及并发症
护理评估
护理诊断
预期目标
护理措施
评价方法
Chapter 14 Nursing Care of the Child with a Neurologic Disorder
第十四章 神经系统疾病患儿的护理
Assessing the child with a neurologic disorder
Growth and development of Nervous system
Nursing assessment of child with a neurologic disorder
Hydrocephalus
Cerebral palsy
Nervous system infection
Bacterial meningitis
Viral meningitis
Encephalitis
Acute postinfectious polyneuropathy
Reye syndrome
Epilepsy
Conclusion
熟悉:神经系统疾病患儿的评估
神经系统的生长发育
神经系统疾病患儿的护理评估
了解:脑积水患儿的护理
熟悉:脑性瘫痪患儿的护理
掌握:神经系统感染性疾病患儿的护理
细菌性脑膜炎
病毒性脑膜炎
脑炎
急性感染性多发性神经根炎
雷氏综合征
掌握:癫痫患儿的护理
Chapter 15 Nursing Care of the Child with a Musculoskeletal Disorder
第十五章 骨骼肌肉疾病患儿的护理
Overview on Nursing Care of the Child with a Musculoskeletal Disorder
Therapeutic Management of Musculoskeletal Disorders in Children
Cast
Traction
Distraction
Crutches
Disorders of Bone Development
Flat Feet
Genu Varm
Tibia Vara
Genu Valgum
Toeing-in
Scoliosis
Infectious and Inflammatory Disorders of the Bones and Joints
Osteomyelitis
Septic Arthritis
Synovitis
Disorders of the Skeletal Muscles
Myasthenia Gravis
Dermatomyositis
Muscular Dystrophies
Disorders of the Extremities
Shoulder Dislocation
Nursemaid's Elbow
Radial Clubhand
Ganglion
Polydactyly and Syndactyly
Knee Injuries
Foot Injurries
熟悉:骨骼肌肉系统疾病患儿的护理概述
熟悉:骨骼肌肉系统患儿的治疗措施
石膏
牵引
分开术
拐杖
熟悉:骨骼发育不良性疾病
平跖足
膝内翻
膝外翻
髋关节发育不良
趾内翻
脊柱侧弯
了解:关节感染和炎症
骨髓炎
化脓性关节炎
滑膜炎
了解:骨骼肌肉疾病
重症肌无力
皮肌炎
肌肉营养不良
了解:肢体疾病
肩关节脱臼
保姆肘
桡骨缺失性畸形手
腱鞘囊肿
多指和并指
膝部损伤
手指损伤
足部损伤
Chapter 16 Nursing Care of the Child with an Endocrine or Metabolic Disorder
第十六章 内分泌疾病或代谢疾病患儿的护理
DISORDERS CAUSED BY PITUITARY GLAND DYSFUNCTION
Hypopituitarism
Hyperpituiarism
Diabetes Insipidus
DISORDERS OF THE THYROID GLAND
Hypothyroidism
Hyperthyroidism
DISORDERS OF THE ADRENAL GLAND
Acute adrenocortical insufficiency
Chronic adrenocortical insufficiency
DISORDERS OF THE PARATHYROID GLANDS
Hypoparathyroidism
Hyperparathyrodism
METABOLIC DISORDERS
Phenylketonuria
Galactosemia
Childhood Diabetic Mellitus
熟悉:垂体功能失调性疾病
垂体功能低下症
垂体功能亢进症
尿崩症
熟悉:甲状腺功能失调性疾病
甲状腺功能减低症
甲状腺功能亢进症
了解:肾上腺功能失调性疾病
急性肾上腺功能不足
慢性肾上腺功能不足
了解:甲状旁腺功能失调性疾病
甲状旁腺功能减退症
甲状旁腺功能亢进症
熟悉:代谢性疾病
苯丙酮尿症
半乳糖血症
儿童糖尿病
Chapter 17 Nursing Care of Children with Immune System and Connective Tissue Disorders
第十七章 免疫缺陷病及结缔组织病患儿的护理
1. Characteristics of Child Immune System
Nonspecific immune system
Specific immune system
Cell-mediated immunity
Humoral immunity
2. Primary Immunodeficiency Disease(PID)
Etiology
Classification
Clinical manifestations
X-Linked Agammaglobulinemia (XLA)
Transient hypogammaglobulinemia of infancy (THI)
Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID)
DiGeorge Anomaly
Diagnosis
Treatment for PID
Nursing Diagnosis
Nursing Management
3. Connective Tissue Disorders
Rheumatic Fever
Etiology and pathogenesis
Pathology
Clinical manifestations
General appearance
Major manifestations
Laboratory findings
Principles of Treatment
Evaluation of nursing care
Nursing diagnosis
Nursing practice
Juvenile Rheumatoid Disease
Etiology and pathogenesis
Pathology
Clinical manifestations
Diagnoses
Principles of Treatment
Nursing diagnosis
Nursing practice
Anaphylactoid Purpura
Etiology and pathogenesis
Pathology
Clinical manifestations
Laboratory findings
Principles of Treatment
Nursing diagnosis
Nursing practice
Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome
Etiology
Pathology
Clinical manifestations
Lab Studies
Professional Treatment
Nursing diagnosis
Nursing measures
了解: 小儿免疫系统特征
一,非特异性免疫
二,特异性免疫
(一)细胞免疫
(二)体液免疫
了解:原发性免疫缺陷病
病因
分类
临床表现
X-连锁无丙种球蛋白血症(X-LA)
婴儿暂时性低丙种球蛋白血症
常见变异型免疫缺陷病
先天性胸腺发育不全
诊断
治疗
护理诊断
护理措施
掌握:结缔组织病患儿的护理
一,风 湿 热
病因和发病机理
病理
临床表现
(一)一般表现
(二)主要表现
实验室检查
治疗要点
护理评估
护理诊断
护理措施
二,儿童类风湿病
病因和发病机理
病理
临床表现
诊断
治疗要点
护理诊断
护理措施
三,过敏性紫癜
病因和发病机理
病理
临床表现
实验室检查
治疗要点
护理诊断
护理措施
四,皮肤黏膜淋巴结综合征
病因和发病机理
病理
临床表现
实验室检查
治疗要点
护理诊断
护理措施
Chapter18 Nursing Care Of The Child With Genetic Disorders
第十八章 遗传性疾病患儿护理
Overview
Down Syndrome
Etiology and pathophysiology
Clinical manifestations
Treatment and prognosis
Nursing considerations
Support family at time of diagnosis
Assist family in physical problems
Prevent infection
Promote child's developmental progress
Assist in prenatal diagnosis and genetic counseling.
Glycogen Storage Diseases
TypeⅠglycogen storage disease
Etiology and pathophysiology
Clinical manifestations
Treatment and prognosis
TypeⅡglycogen storage disease
Etiology and pathophysiology
Clinical manifestations
Treatment principal
Nursing considerations
了解:概述
熟悉:21-三体综合征患儿的护理
病因及发病机制
临床表现
治疗与预后
护理要点
家庭支持
加强生活护理
预防感染
促进生长发育
遗传咨询
了解:糖原累积病患儿的护理
Ⅰ型糖原累积病
病因及发病机制
临床表现
治疗与预后
Ⅱ型糖原累积病
病因及发病机制
临床表现
治疗原则
护理要点
Chapter 19 Nursing Care of the child with an Infectious Disorder
第十九章 传染病患儿的护理
Infectious Process
Stages of Infectious Disease
Chains of Infection
Immune Response to Organisms
Preventing the Spread of Infections in the Hospital
General Precautions to Prevent and Control Infection
Maintain Indicated Isolation Precautions
Viral Infections
Measles (Rubeola)
Chickenpox (Varicella)
Mumps (Epidemic Parotitis)
Poliomyelitis (Infantile Paralysis)
Epidemic Encephalitits B (Japanese Encephalititis)
Bactrerial Infections
Pertussis (Whooping cough)
Bacillary Tuberculosis, toxic type
Childhood Tuberculosis
Introduction
Primary Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Tuberculous Meningitis
熟悉:传染过程
传染病分期
感染链
机体对微生物的免疫反应
熟悉:预防院内感染的传播
预防和控制院内感染的一般措施
采取一定的隔离措施
掌握:病毒感染性疾病
麻疹
水痘
流行性腮腺炎
脊髓灰质炎
流行性乙型脑炎
掌握:细菌感染性疾病
百日咳
中毒性细菌性痢疾
小儿结核
概述
原发性肺结核
结核性脑膜炎
Chapter 20 Nursing Care of Children in Emergency
第二十章 小儿急症护理
General guidelines for caring children in emergency
Communicate an Attitude of Calm Confidence
Acknowledge the Child's and Family Fears
Try to Avoid Separating the Child and Parents
Provide incentives and rewards
Assess the child's unspoken thoughts and feelings
Emergency assessment of infants and children
Primary Assessment
Airway assessment
Breathing assessment
Cardiovascular assessment
Neurological assessment
Exposure
Secondary Assessment
Vital signs
History assessment
Diagnosis Tests
Weight
Parent-child relationships
The Sequence of Pediatric Basic Life Support (BLS) and Child Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
Airway
Initial assessment and intervention
Assessment of Airway
Breathing
Obstructed Airway Management
Circulation
Chest Compression
Applying drug for resuscitation
Nursing Care of a Child with Respiratory Distress/failure
Nursing Care of a Child with Acute Increased Intracranial Pressure
Nursing Care of a Child with Airway Obstruction by Foreign Bodies
熟悉:小儿急症护理常规
以沉着从容及自信的态度与患儿及家属交流
接受患儿及其家庭的恐惧心理
最好避免使患儿与其家长分离
提供鼓励和奖赏
尝试着去了解患儿的想法和感觉但不要妄自评价
掌握:小儿急症的评估
首次评估
气道评估
呼吸评估
心血管功能评估
神经系统的评估
全身检查
再次评估
生命体征的评估
既往史的评估
诊断性试验
体重
父母与患儿的关系
掌握:小儿基本生命支持和心肺复苏
气道
最初的评估和干预
气道的评估
建立呼吸
气道阻塞的处理
建立血循环
心脏按压
应用复苏药物
熟悉:呼吸衰竭患儿的护理
熟悉:急性颅内压增高患儿的护理
掌握:异物阻塞患儿的护理
Chapter 21 Nursing Care of the Child with Cancer
第二十一章 肿瘤患儿的护理
Assessing children with malignancies
History
Clinical manifestation
Diagnosis procedures
Staging of malignancy
Cancer Treatment Measures Used with Children
The leukemias
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Acute myeloid leukemia
The lymphoma
Hodgkin's disease
Non-Hodgkin's disease
Neoplasms of the brain
Osteogenic Sarcoma
Other childhood neoplasms
Neuroblastoma
Wilms' tumor
Palliative care
Appendix: Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
熟悉:恶性肿瘤患儿的评估
病史
临床表现
辅助检查
肿瘤分期
小儿肿瘤常见的治疗方法
掌握:白血病患儿的护理
急性淋巴细胞性白血病
急性髓细胞性白血病
熟悉:淋巴瘤患儿的护理
霍奇金病
非霍奇金淋巴瘤
了解:脑肿瘤
了解:骨肉瘤
了解:其他小儿肿瘤疾病
神经母细胞瘤
威尔姆瘤
熟悉:姑息治疗
附录:造血干细胞移植
Chapter 22 Nursing Care of the Child with Cognitive or Mental Health Disorders
第二十二章 认知或精神障碍患儿的护理
Classification Of Childhood Mental Disorders
Mental Retardation
Etiology and Pathophysiology
Assessment
Principle of Treatment
Nursing diagnoses
Expected outcomes
Nursing intervention
Provide emotional support and information
Maintain a safe environment
Promote optimum development
Teach child self-help skills
Educate child and family
Prevent mental retardation
Evaluation
Autistic Disorder
Etiology and pathophysiology
Assessment
Principle of Treatment
Nursing diagnoses
Nursing intervention
Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Etiology and Pathophysiology
Assessment
Principle of Treatment
Nursing diagnoses
Nursing intervention
Administer medications
Manipulate environment
Promote self-esteem
Provide family support.
Anxiety Disorders Of Childhood Or
Adolescence
Eating Disorders
Pica
Anorexia nervosa
Etiology and pathophysiology
Assessment
Principle of Treatment
Nursing diagnoses
Expected outcomes
Nursing intervention
Evaluation
Bulimia nervosa
Etiology and pathophysiology
Assessment
Principle of Treatment
Nursing diagnoses
Nursing intervention
Tourette's Syndrome
Elimination Disorders
Functional encopresis
Functional enuresis
Suicide
熟悉:小儿精神疾患的分类
熟悉:精神发育迟滞
病因及发病机制
评估
治疗原则
护理诊断
预期结果
护理措施
提供信息与情感支持
保证安全
促进发展
训练患儿自我照顾能力
教育训练
预防精神发育迟滞疾病
评价
掌握:孤独症
病因及发病机制
评估
治疗原则
护理诊断
护理措施
掌握:注意缺陷多动障碍
病因及发病机制
评估
治疗原则
护理诊断
护理措施
给药护理
环境管理
提高自尊
提供家庭支持
掌握:儿童焦虑症
熟悉:进食障碍
异食癖
神经性厌食
病因及发病机制
评估
治疗原则
护理诊断
预期结果
护理措施
评价
神经性贪食
病因及发病机制
评估
治疗原则
护理诊断
护理措施
了解:多发性抽动症
熟悉:排泄障碍
功能性遗粪
功能性遗尿
熟悉:自杀倾向患儿的护理
·上一篇：药理教学课件一"儿科护理学"教学大纲
Credits: 3
学分数:3
Nature of the Course:
课程性质:
Required Course for Undergraduate Nursing Program
专业必修课
Pre-courses:
预修课程:
Fundamental Nursing, Health Assessment
护理学基础,健康评估
Objectives:
教学目的:
Upon the studying of the course, the students are expected to understand the knowledge, principle, theory and skills of pediatric nursing, and could integrate holistic nursing view to pediatric nursing. Students will be demonstrated with child health promotion and child care in both clinical and community setting.
通过本课程的教学,使学生熟悉儿科护理的基本理论,基本原则,基本知识,掌握儿科护理的基本方法,将整体护理的观念贯彻到儿科护理过程中.
Course Description
课程描述
Pediatric nursing focuses on the pattern of child growth and development, child health promotion and disease prevention, and direct care of illness children. This subject is designed to offer principles and theories of child growth and development, child nutrition, child health promotion, vaccination, nursing care of hospitalized children,nursing care of newborn baby with neonatal diseases, nursing care of patients with infective disease et al. The pathophysiological bases of diseases and therapies are identified and related to the rationale of nursing care. Pediatric nursing aims at protecting children from illness and injury, assisting them to attain optimal levels of health, regardless of health problems, and rehabilitation. Pediatric nurses must be concerned with social and environmental influences, which have a major impact on the health and well-being of children and their families, as well as with particular biologic processes and diseases. Philosophy of pediatric nursing include family-centered care, atraumatic care, accountability and risk management. Pediatric nurses' roles are involved in every aspect of a child's and family's growth and development. No matter where pediatric nurses practice, their primary concern is the welfare of the child and family.
儿科护理学是一门研究小儿生长发育规律,儿童保健,疾病预防和护理,以促进小儿身心健康的护理学科.本课程将介绍小儿生长发育,儿童营养,儿童保健,预防接种,住院患儿护理,新生儿疾病患儿护理,感染性和非感染性疾病患儿的护理等基本原理和理论.儿科护理的目的是保护小儿免受疾病和伤害,帮助他们在疾病以及康复过程中尽可能地达到最佳健康状态.儿科护士在关注小儿的生理过程和疾病的同时应关注社会和环境因素对小儿及其家庭健康状况的影响.儿科护理的理念包括以家庭为中心的护理,尽可能减少创伤,对小儿负责和危险管理.儿科护士应积极促进各年龄阶段小儿及其家庭的生长发育.不管儿科护士在何种场所为小儿及其家庭提供护理,其首要前提必须是维护小儿及其家庭的利益.
Teaching and learning methods
教学方法:
Lectures, lab demonstration, clinical observation, and case study. Multimedia teaching will be applied in the whole teaching and learning processs
课堂讲授,示教,临床见习,个案讨论.本课程全程采用多媒体教学
Textbook:
教材:
Hu Yan. Pediatric Nursing. Beijing: People's Health Publisher. 2005.
胡雁主编. 儿科护理学双语教材.北京:人民卫生出版社,2005年出版
Reference
参考用书:
Ball J. & Bindler R. (1999). Pediatric Nursing: Caring for Children. (2nd Ed.). Stamford: Appleton & Lange.
Whaley & Wong (1999). Nursing Care of Infants and Children. (6th Ed.). Philadelphia: Mosby Company.
Behrman, Kliegman & Jenson (2000). Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. (16th Ed.). Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Company.
崔炎. 儿科护理学 (第三版). 北京: 人民卫生出版社, 2002.
胡亚美(2003).诸福棠实用儿科学. (第七版).北京: 人民卫生出版社, 2002.
王慕逖主编. 儿科学. 第五版.北京:人民卫生出版社,2002.
薛辛东,孙梅,芦惠摘编. 现代儿科学英语精要. 第一版. 北京:人民卫生出版社,2003.
Arrangement for teaching and learning
《儿科护理学》双语教学时数安排和教学方法
This syllabus is developed for undergraduate nursing program. The referred credits is 3, which is 63 school hours teaching and learning (48 hours for lectures and 15 hours for case analysis and demonstration).
本教学大纲适合于护理本科教育,学分为3学分,参考学时为63学时,其中理论48学时,临床见习和病例分析15学时.
Content
教 学 内 容
Lecutres
理论课
Demonstration and Case analysis
示教和病例讨论
1.Overview of Pediatric Nursing
绪论
8
3
2. Child Growth and Development
小儿生长发育
3. Child Health Care
儿童保健
4. Taking care of hospitalized children and family
住院儿童及其家庭的护理
5. Nutritional needs through childhood
儿童营养
6. Nursing care of the high-risk newborn ad family
新生儿与新生儿疾病患儿的护理
6
3
7. Nursing care of the child with nutrition disorders
营养障碍疾病患儿的护理
4
8. Nursing care of the child with a gastrointestinal disorder
消化系统疾病患儿的护理
4
9. Nursing care of the child with a respiratory disorder
呼吸系统疾病患儿的护理
4
10. Nursing care of the child with a cardiovascular disorder
循环系统疾病患儿的护理
6
3
11. Nursing care of the child with a renal or urinary tract disorder
泌尿系统疾病患儿的护理
4
3
12.Nursing care of the child with a blood disorder
造血系统疾病患儿的护理
2
13.Nursing care of the child with a neurologic disorder
神经系统疾病患儿的护理
2
14. Nursing care of the child with an endocrine or metabolic disorder
内分泌系统疾病患儿的护理
2
3
15. Nursing care of the child with an immune disorder
免疫缺陷病和结缔组织病患儿的护理
2
16.Nursing Care of Children in Emergency
小儿急症的护理
4
3
Chapter 1 Overview of Pediatric Nursing
第一章 儿科护理学绪论
Characteristics of Pediatrics and Philosophies and Goals of Pediatric Nursing
Characteristics of Pediatrics
Philosophies and Goals of Pediatric Nursing
Family-Centered Care
Atrumatic Care
Accountability and Risk Management
Stages of Growth and Development and Common Characteristics of Each Stage
Fetal Period
Neonatal Period
Infancy
Toddler's Age
Preschool Age
School Age
Adolescence
Tasks of Pediatric Nurses
Providing Direct Nursing Care
Family advocacy/Caring
Disease Prevention/Health Promotion
Health Education
Counseling
Restorative Role
Cordination/Collaboratlion
Ethical Decision Making
Research
Settings for Pediatric Nursing Care
Ethics Concepts and Responsibilities
Future Trends of Pediatric Nursing
了解:儿科的特点和儿科护理的理念
儿科的特点
儿科护理的理念
家庭为中心的护理
尽可能减少创伤
对小儿负责和危险管理
掌握:小儿的年龄分期和各期的特点
胎儿期
新生儿期
婴儿期
幼儿期
学龄前期
学龄期
青少年期
熟悉:儿科护士的角色和任务
提供直接护理
小儿及家庭的代言人
小儿疾病预防和健康促进
提供健康教育
提供咨询
帮助小儿康复
协调和合作
正确处理相关的伦理问题
开展儿科护理相关研究
了解:儿科护理的场所
了解:儿科护理中的伦理问题
了解:儿科护理的发展趋势
Chapter 2 Growth and Development of Children
第二章 小儿生长发育
overview of growth and development
Concepts of Growth and Development
Methods of Studying Growth and Development
Standard Deviation
Percentile Approach
Growth and Developmental Chart Approach
Growth Index Approach
Patterns of Growth and Development
Biologic Growth and Development
Physical Growth and Development
Physical Growth and External Proportions
Skeletal Growth and Maturation
Teething
Neurologic Maturation
Growth of Lymphoid Tissues
Development of Organ Systems
Sensory Changes
Motor Development
Catch-up Growth
Physiologic Changes
Metabolism
Temperature
Sleep and Rest
Development of psychosocial function and personality
Temperament
Characteristics of Temperament
Categories of Temperament
Significance of Temperament义
Theoretic Foundations of Mental Development
Psychosexual Development
Psychosocial Development
Cognitive Development
Moral Development
Interpersonal Development
Theoretic Foundations of Language Development
Stages of Language Development
Factors Affecting Language Acquisition
Theoretic Foundations of Childhood Social Learning
Conditioning
Modeling or Observational Learning
Role Learning in Children
Development of Self-concept
Body Image
Self-esteem
Role of Play in Development
Classification of Play
Content of Play
Social Character of Play
Functions of Play
Sensorimotor Development
Intellectual Development
Socialization
Creativity
Self-awareness
Therapeutic Value
Moral Value
Toys
Selecting Toys
Toy Safety
Selected factors that influencee growth and development
Heredity
Gender
Disease
Season and Climate
Prenatal Influences
Environmental Hazards
Nutrition
Interpersonal Relationships
Love and Affection
Security
Discipline and Authority
Emotional Deprivation
Childhood Fears
Spoiled Child Syndrome
Influence of the Mass Media
了解:生长发育概述
有关的概念
生长发育的评价方法
标准差法
百分位法
生长发育曲线图法
生长指数法
生长发育的规律
掌握:小儿生物学生长和发育
体格生长
体格生长和身体各部分的比例
骨骼的生长发育
牙齿的发育
神经系统的发育
淋巴组织的发育
器官系统的发育
感知的发育
运动功能的发育
追赶生长
生理变化
新陈代谢
体温
睡眠和休息
熟悉:小儿心理社会功能和个性的发育
气质
气质的特征
气质的类型
气质的意义
心理发育的理论基础
精神心理发育(弗洛伊德)
心理社会发育(埃瑞克森)
认知发育(皮亚杰)
道德发育(库伯格)
人际关系发展理论(沙利文)
语言发育的理论基础
语言的发育
语言发育的影响因素
小儿社会学习理论基础
操作性条件理论(斯金纳)
观察学习模式
角色学习模式
自我概念的发展
身体影像
自尊
熟悉:游戏在小儿发育中的作用
游戏的分类
游戏的内容
游戏的社会特征
游戏的功能
感知运动发育
智力发育
社会化过程
创造能力的发展
自我意识的发展
治疗效应
道德发育
玩具
玩具的选择
玩具的安全性
掌握:影响小儿生长发育的因素
遗传因素
性别因素
疾病因素
季节和气候
孕期因素
环境因素
营养状况
人际交往
爱和情感
安全感
纪律和教养
情感缺失
小儿的害怕情绪
小儿宠惯综合征
传播媒体的影响
第三章 小儿健康评估
Chapter 3 Children Health Assessment
Communication with children and family
Principles of Communication with children
Techniques of Communication with Children
Communication with Parents
Health History Collection
Content of Health History
Review of Systems
Physical Examination
Principle of physical assessment
General guidelines for Performing Pediatric Physical Examination
Content of Physical examination
Developmental Assessment
Developmental Screening
Developmental Diagnosis
Family Assessment
Assessment of family structure
Assessment of family function
Nutritional Assessment
Dietary Intake
Clinical Examination
Evaluation of nutritional assessment
熟悉:与小儿及其家庭的沟通
与小儿沟通的原则
与小儿沟通的技巧
与小儿家长的沟通
熟悉:健康史收集
健康史的内容
系统回顾
掌握:体格检查
小儿体格检查的原则
小儿体格检查的一般技巧
体格检查的内容
熟悉:发育评估
筛查性测验
诊断性测验
熟悉:家庭评估
家庭结构评估
家庭功能评估
熟悉:营养评估
饮食摄入
临床检查
营养评价
Chapter 4 Child Health Promotion and Disease Prevention
第四章 儿童保健和疾病预防
Health promotion of the newborn and family
Feeding and Nutrition
Maintain Stable Body Temperature
Daily Care
Protect from Infection and Injury
Promote Parent-Infant Bonding (Attachment)
Health promotion of the Infant and family
Nutrition and Feeding
Sleep and Activity
Dental Health
Daily Care
Social Development
Illness Prevention
Injury Prevention
Health promotion of the Toddler, Preschooler and family
Nutrition and Feeding
Sleep and Activity
Dental Health
Social Development
Toilet Training
Early Education and Health Care in Kindergarten
Kindergarten Experience
Health Care of Children in Kindergarten
Common Behavior Problem in Toddlers and Preschooler
Temper Tantrums
Negativism
Speech Problem
Aggression
Fear
Disease Prevention and Injury Prevention
Health promotion of the School-age child and family
Health behavior
Nutrition
Sleep and Activity
Dental Health
Physical Activity
School Education
Social Development
Injury Prevention
Health promotion of the adolescent and family
Growth and Development of the Adolescent
Physical Development and Sexual Development
Psychosocial Development
Adolescents' Perceptive on Health
Health Concerns of Adolescence
Psychosocial Adjustment
Intentional and Unintentional Injury
Dietary Habits and Eating Disorders
Physical Fitness
Education for Sexual Knowledge and Behavior
Establishing Healthy Lifestyle
Injury Prevention
Aspiration of Foreign Objects/Suffocation
Falls
Poisoning
Burns
Drowning
Motor Vehicle Injuries
Bodily Damage
Nurse's Role in Injury Prevention
Health Promotion for the Child in the Community
Developmental Surveillance
Health Promotion
Planned Immunization
Schedule for Planned Immunization
Recommendations for Routine Immunization
Reactions and Management
Contraindications/Precautions
Administration Immunization
熟悉:新生儿及其家庭的健康促进
喂养和营养
保暖
生活护理
预防感染和意外伤害
促进父母和小儿的亲子感情
熟悉:婴儿及其家庭的健康促进
营养和喂养
睡眠和活动
牙齿的健康
生活护理
社会化发展
预防疾病
预防意外
熟悉:幼儿和学龄前儿童及其家庭的的健康促进
营养和喂养
睡眠和活动
牙齿的健康
社会化发展
训练大小便
在幼托机构接受早期教育和卫生保健
幼儿园的体验
幼托机构的卫生保健
幼儿和学龄前儿童常见的行为问题
发脾气
抗拒
学习语言中的问题
攻击性
害怕
预防疾病和意外
熟悉:学龄期儿童及其家庭的健康促进
健康行为
营养
睡眠和活动
牙齿健康
体格锻炼
学校教育
社会化发展
预防意外
了解:青少年及其家庭的健康促进
青春期的生长发育特点
体格发育和性发育
心理社会发育
青春期少年的健康观念
青春期健康相关问题
心理社会调节
有意和无意伤害
饮食习惯和饮食障碍
体格锻炼
性知识教育
建立健康的生活方式
掌握:预防意外伤害
异物吞入/窒息
跌倒
中毒
烧伤/烫伤
溺水
交通事故
身体伤害
护士在预防小儿意外伤害中的角色
熟悉:社会小儿的健康促进
发育监测
健康指导
掌握:小儿计划免疫
生物制剂类型和计划免疫的程序
常规计划免疫类型
预防接种的反应和处理
预防接种的禁忌症
计划免疫的管理
Chapter 5 Nutritional Requirements through Childhood
第五章 小儿的营养需求
Nutritional Requirements
Energy
Basal metabolism
The thermic effect of food
Energy required for growth
The resource of energy
Protein
Lipid
Carbohydrate
Classification of carbohydrates.
Functions of carbohydrates.
Vitamin
Fat-soluble vitamins
Water-soluble vitamins
Mineral
Water
Fiber
The feeding of infants
Breast feeding
Colostrum
Mature milk
Composition of human milk
Advantages of breast feeding
Management of breast feeding
Technique of breast feeding
Common problems of breast feeding
Combined feeding
Artificial feeding
Milks and milk substitutes
Technique of artificial feeding
Milk preparation
Disadvantages of artificial feeding
Weaning of breast feeding
Complementary solid food
Objects of complementary solid foods
Schedule of complementary solid foods
Teaching points for introducing solids
The feeding during the second year of life
Reduced caloric intake
Self-feeding by infants
Self-selection of diet
Daily basic diet
Dietary habits
The feeding of later childhood and adolescence
The most important nutritional considerations in pre-school aged children
The most important nutritional considerations in school-aged children
The most important nutritional considerations for adolescents
Prudent diet
了解:营养的需要量
能量
基础代谢
食物热效应
生长发育所需
提供能量的方式
蛋白质
脂类
碳水化合物
碳水化合物的分类
碳水化合物的功能
维生素
脂溶性维生素
水溶性维生素
主要矿物质
水
膳食纤维
掌握:婴儿喂养
母乳喂养
初乳
成熟乳
母乳的成分
母乳喂养的优点
母乳喂养的管理
母乳喂养的技术
母乳喂养的常见问题
混合喂养
人工喂养
乳类及代乳品
人工喂养的技术
乳液的准备
人工喂养的缺点
断乳
婴儿的辅食添加
添加的目的
添加顺序
辅食添加的注意点
掌握:出生第二年的膳食安排
减少能量的摄入
鼓励婴儿自己进食
自己选择食物
每天的基本饮食
饮食习惯
熟悉:儿童及青少年期膳食安排
学龄前儿童饮食安排特点
学龄儿童饮食安排特点
青少年饮食安排特点
合理的膳食
Chapter 6 Nursing Care of the Hospitalized Child and Family
第六章 住院患儿及其家庭的护理
THE EFFECTS OF HOSPITALIZATION ON CHILDREN AND THEIR FAMILY
Children's Understanding of Illness and hospitalization
Infant
Toddler and Preschooler
School-age Child and Adolescent
Family Responses to Hospitalization
HEALTH TEACHING WITH CHILDREN
Teaching Plans
Children with Special Needs
NURSING CARE OF THE HOSPITALIZED CHILD AND FAMILY
Preventing or Minimizing Separation
Strategies to Minimize the Effects of Separation
Minimizing Loss of Control
Promoting Freedom of Movement
Maintaining Child's Routine
Encouraging Independence
Providing Developmentally Appropriate Activities
Using play/ expressive Activities to Minimize Stress
Diversional Activities
Expressive Activities
Creative Expression
Dramatic Play
Maximizing Potential Benefits of Hospitalization
Fostering Parent-child Relationships
Providing Educational Opportunities
Promoting Self-mastery
Providing Socialization
Supporting Family Members
Providing Information
NURSING SKILL OF THE CHILD
Positioning for Procedures of Diagnostic Techniques
Diagnostic Techniques
Ugular Venipuncture
Femoral Venipuncture
Extremity Venipuncture
Medication Administration: Intravenous therapy (IV), IM,Oral medication, Nasogastric
Administration Intravenous Therapy
Administration Intramuscular
Administration Oral Medication
Administration Nasogastric Medication
Preparing a child for surgery
Preoperative Care
Psychosocial Preparation
Physical Preparation
Postoperative Care
Preventing Injury in the Hospitalized Child
Offering Positive Stimulation for the Hospitalized Children
Stimulation Children on Bedrest
Stimulation for Children in Isolation
REDUCING ELEVATED TEMPERATURE CHILDREN
PAIN ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT
Pain History
Cultural Influences on Pain
Pain Assessment Scales
Nursing Management of Pain
Nursing diagnoses for Children in Pain
Nursing Management
Pharmacologic Intervention
Nonpharmacologic Intervention
DISCHARGE PLANNING AND HOME CARE
Assessing the Child in Preparation for Discharge
Home Care Teaching
熟悉:住院对患儿及其家庭的影响
患儿对疾病及住院的理解
婴儿
幼儿及学龄前儿童
学龄儿童及青少年
家庭对患儿住院的反应
熟悉:患儿的健康教育
教育计划
有特殊需求的患儿
熟悉:住院患儿及其家庭的护理
防止或减少被分离的情况
减少分离副作用的措施
缓解失控
促进活动自由
保持患儿的日常活动
鼓励独立
提供与发育相宜的活动
应用游戏或表达的活动来减轻压力
娱乐活动
情感表达
创造性的表达
戏剧性的游戏
发掘住院治疗的潜在益处
促进父母和患儿的关系
提供教育机会
促进自我管理
提供社会化机会
为家庭成员提供支持
提供信息
掌握:儿科护理技术
诊疗技术与操作体位配合
诊疗技术
颈静脉穿刺
股静脉穿刺
四肢静脉穿刺
用药管理:静脉给药法,肌肉给药法,口服给药法,鼻饲给药法
静脉疗法
经肌肉给药
口服给药
经鼻饲管给药
患儿手术准备
术前护理
心理社会准备
身体准备
术后护理
住院患儿意外事故和损伤的预防
为住院患儿提供积极的刺激
对卧床的患儿实施刺激
对隔离的患儿给予鼓励
掌握:发热患儿的护理
掌握:疼痛的评估及护理
疼痛的病史
文化背景对疼痛的影响
疼痛的评估量表
疼痛的护理
有关患儿疼痛的护理诊断
护理措施
药物性干预
非药物性干预
熟悉:出院计划及居家护理
评价患儿的出院准备
居家护理教育
Chapter 7 Nursing Care of High-Risk Newborn and Family
第七章 高危新生儿及其家庭的护理
Classification of Newborns and Characteriatics of Newborns
Classification of Newborns
Characteristics of Newborns
Newborn Priorities in the First Days of Life
Initiating and Maintaining Respirations
Establishing Extra-uterine Circulation
Fluid and Electrolyte Balance
Temperature Regulation
Establishing Adequate Nutritional Intake
Preventing Infection
Establishing Parent-Infant Bonding
Providing Developmental Care
Nursing Care of the Newborn at Risk Because of Altered Gestational Age or Birth Weight
Nursing of the Small-for-Gestational-Age Infant
Nursing of the Large-for-Gestational-Age Infant
Nursing of the Preterm and Post-term Infant
Nursing care of preterm infant
Nursing of the Post-term infant
Nursing Care of Newborn with Hypoxic-ischemic Encephalopathy
Nursing Care of Newborn with Intracranial Hemorrhage
Nursing Care Of Newborn with Hyaline Membrane Disease
Nursing Care of Newborn with Neonatal Pneumonia
Aspiration Pneumonia
Infection Pneumonia
Nursing Care of Newborn with Gastroesophageal Reflux
Etiology
Nursing Care of Newborn with Neonatal Jaundice
Characteristic of neonatal jaundice
Characteristic of neonatal metabolism of bilirubin
Classification
Risk factors for severe hyperbilirubinemia
Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn
Neonatal Septicemia
Nursing Care Of Newborn With Neonatal Cold Injure Syndrome
Nursing Care Of Newborn With Neonatal Hypoglycemia or Hyperglycemia
Hypoglycemia
Hyperglucemia
Nursing Care of Newborn in Incubator
Nursing Care of Children with Phototherapy
Nursing Care of Newborn Exchange Transfusion
Nursing care after exchange transfusion
掌握:新生儿分类和正常新生儿的特点
新生儿分类
正常新生儿的特点
掌握:新生儿最初几天的需求
建立和维持呼吸
建立宫外血液循环
体液和电解质平衡
体温控制
足够的营养摄入
预防感染
建立亲子关系
发育支持护理
熟悉:小于或大于胎龄儿及其护理
小于胎龄儿及其护理
大于胎龄儿及其护理
掌握:早产儿,过期产儿及其护理
早产儿的护理
过期产儿及其护理
掌握:新生儿缺血缺氧性脑病
熟悉:新生儿颅内出血
熟悉:新生儿肺透明膜病
熟悉:新生儿肺炎
吸入性肺炎
感染性肺炎
熟悉:新生儿胃食道反流
掌握:新生儿黄疸
概 述
新生儿溶血
熟悉:新生儿败血症
了解:新生儿寒冷损伤综合征
了解:新生儿糖代谢紊乱
新生儿低血糖症
新生儿高血糖症
掌握:置于暖箱中的新生儿的护理
掌握:光疗患儿的护理
熟悉:换血患儿的护理
Chapter 8 Nursing Care of Child with Nutritional Disorders
第八章 营养障碍疾病患儿的护理
Malnutration
Athrepsia (Marasmus)
Protein-Calorie Malnutrition (Kwashiorkor)
Complications of malnutration
Principles of treatment
Nursing Management of Children with Malnutrition
Appendix: Protein Excess
Childhood Obesity
Etiology
Pathology
Clinical Manifestation
Diagnosis
Complications of childhood Obesity
Principles of Treatment
Nursing Management of Childhood Obesity
Rickets of Vitamin D deficiency
Source of Vitamin D and Physiological Function
Etiology
Pathology
Clinical Manifestation
Prevention
Principles of Treatment
Nursing Management of Children with Rickets of Vitamin D Deficiency
Prognosis
Tetany of Vitamin D Deficiency
Etiology
Chemical Pathology
Clinical Manifestations
Treatment and Nursing Management
Prognosis
Appendix: Hypervitaminosis D
Other types of Vitamin Deficiency
Vitamin A Deficiency
Appendix: Hypervitaminosis A
Vitamin C Deficiency (Scurvy)
Vitamin B1 Deficiency
掌握:营养不良
营养不良性消瘦
蛋白-热能营养不良
营养不良的并发症
营养不良的治疗原则
营养不良患儿的护理
附录:蛋白质过剩
熟悉:小儿肥胖症
病因
发病机理
临床表现
诊断
小儿肥胖的并发症
治疗原则
小儿肥胖的护理
掌握:维生素D缺乏性佝偻病
维生素 D来源和生理功能
病因
病理学
临床表现
预防
治疗原则
维生素D缺乏性佝偻病患儿的护理
预后
熟悉:维生素D缺乏性手足搐搦症
病因
血清生化
临床表现
处理
预后
【附录】维生素D中毒
了解:其它维生素缺乏症
维生素A缺乏症
附录:维生素A中毒
维生素C缺乏症(坏血病)
维生素B1缺乏症
Chapter 9 Nursing Care of the Child with Respiratory Disorder
第九章 呼吸系统疾病患儿的护理
Anatomy and Physiology of Respiratory System
Chest
Airways
The upper airway
The lower airway
Assessing respiratory illness in children
History
Physical assessment
Laboratory tests
Imaging studies
Respiratory illness treatment measurement used with children
Aeroso therapy
Postural drainage
Chest physiotherapy
Oxygen therapy
Artificial ventilation
ECMO
Nursing care of child with respiratory tract disorders
Upper respiratory tract infections
Acute laryngitis
Acute bronchitis
Pneumonia
Nursing care of the child with asthma
Appendix: pediatric intensive care
熟悉:小儿呼吸系统的解剖生理特点
胸部
气道
上呼吸道
下呼吸道
熟悉:小儿呼吸系统疾病的评估
过去史
身体评估
实验室检查
影像学检查
熟悉:小儿呼吸系统疾病的治疗及护理技术
雾化治疗
体位引流
胸部物理治疗
氧气治疗
人工通气
体外膜肺
掌握:呼吸道疾病患儿的护理
上呼吸道感染
急性喉炎
急性支气管
肺炎
掌握:哮喘患儿的护理
熟悉:附录:儿科重症监护
Chapter 10 Nursing Care of the Child With Cardiovascular Disorders
第十章 心血管系统疾病患儿的护理
Anatomy and physiology of the cardiovascular
Embroylogic development of the heart
The fetal circulation
The transitional circulation
Congenital Heart Disease (CHD)
Summary
Altered hemodynamics
Classify
Left to right shunt, acyanotic heart defects
Right to left shunt, cyanotic heart defects
No shunt
Commonly seen congenital heart disease in clinic
Ventricular septal defect
Pathophysiology
Clinical manifestation
Examination
Therapeutic management
Arial septal defect
Pathophysiology
Clinical manifestation
Examination
Therapeutic management
Patent ductus arteriosus
Pathophysiology
Clinical manifestation
Examination
Therapeutic management
Tetralogy of Fallot
Pathophysiology
Clinical manifestation
Examination
Therapeutic management
Pulmonary stenosis
Pathophysiology
Clinical manifestation
Examination
Therapeutic management
Nursing care of the child with congenital heart disease
Assessment of heart disorders in children
History
General appearance
Pulse, blood pressure and respirations
Murmurs
Diagnostic tests
Nursing diagnoses and interventions
Review steps for follow-up care and emergencies
Viral myocarditis
Etiology and epidemiology
Clinical manifestation
Examination
Treatment
Prognosis
Nursing Diagnosis
Nursing Interventions
Congestive heart failure (CHF)
Pathogenesis of CHF
Pathophysiology of CHF
Compensatory mechanisms
Hypertrophy and dilation of the cardiac muscle
Stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system
Clinical manifestation of CHF
The degree of cardiac function
Examination
Therapeutic management of CHF
Improve cardiac function
Remove accumulated fluid and sodium
Decrease cardiac demands
Improved tissue oxygenation
Nursing diagnoses
Nursing interventions
Assist in measures to improve cardiac function
Afterload reduction
Decrease cardiac demands
Temperature
Skin
Respiratory infection
Reduce respiratory distress
The child undergoing cardiac catheterization
Nursing diagnosis
Nursing interventions
熟悉: 小儿循环系统解剖生理特点
一.心脏的胚胎发育
二.胎儿循环
三.出生后的改变
熟悉: 先天性心脏病
一.总论
二.先天性心脏病的血液动力学改变
三.分类
左向右分流型(非青紫型)
右向左分流型(青紫型)
无分流型
熟悉: 临床常见的几型先天性心脏病
一.室间隔缺损
病理生理
临床表现
辅助检查
治疗
房间隔缺损
病理生理
临床表现
辅助检查
治疗
动脉导管未闭
病理生理
临床表现
辅助检查
治疗
法洛四联症
病理生理
临床表现
辅助检查
治疗
肺动脉狭窄
病理生理
临床表现
辅助检查
治疗
掌握: 先天性心脏病患儿的护理
一.先天性心脏病患儿的评估
健康史
一般表现
脉搏,血压和呼吸
杂音
诊断性检查
二.护理诊断及护理措施
三.继续照护和紧急情况的处理
熟悉: 病毒性心肌炎
病原学和流行病学
临床表现
辅助检查
治疗
预后
护理诊断
护理措施
熟悉: 充血性心力衰竭
充血性心力衰竭的病因
病理生理
代偿机制
心室的扩张和心肌的肥厚
兴奋交感神经系统
临床表现
心功能等级
辅助检查
治疗
增强心肌收缩力
减轻水钠潴留
减轻心脏负担
提高组织氧合
护理诊断
护理措施
增强心功能
降低心脏后负荷
减轻心脏负担
体温
皮肤
呼吸道感染
减轻呼吸困难
了解: 心导管检查
护理诊断
护理措施
Chapter 11 Nursing Care of Children with Digestive Disorders
第十一章 小儿消化系统疾病患儿的护理
Anatomy and Physiology of Digestive System
Mouth
Esophagus, Stomach
Intestine
Liver
Pancreas
Stool Patterns of Newborns
Fluid and Electrolyte Balance and Fluid Therapy
Characteristic of fluid and electrolyte balance in children
Body fluid volume and distribution
Composition of electrolytes in body fluid
Regulation of fluids and electrolytes
Fluid, Electrolyte and Acid-Alkali Imbalances
Dehydration
Hypokalemia
Disturbances of Acid-Base Balance
Fluid Therapy
Deficit replacement
Supplemental Replacement of Ongoing losses
Maintenance
Nursing responsibilities in fluid and electrolyte disturbances
The phase of preparation
The phase of fluid infusion
Diarrhea
Etiology
Mechanisms (Pathophysiology)
Clinical manifestations
Therapeutic Management
Nursing Assessment
General Nursing Problems
Nursing Objective
Nursing Intervention
Nursing Evaluation
Nursing Care of Children with other Digestive Illness
Stomatitis
Acute Necrotizing Enteritis
Intussusception
Congenital aganglionic megacolon
熟悉:小儿消化系的解剖生理特点
口腔
食管,胃
肠
肝
胰腺
健康小儿大便
熟悉:水电解质平衡及液体疗法
小儿体液平衡的特点
体液的总量和分布
体液的电解质组成
体液和电解质的调节
水,电解质和酸,碱平衡紊乱
脱水
低钾血症
酸碱平衡紊乱
液体疗法
补充累计损失量
补充继续损失量
供给生理需要量
小儿液体疗法的护理特点
补液前的准备阶段
补液阶段
掌握:小儿腹泻
病因
发病机制
临床表现
治疗要点
护理评估
常见护理问题
预期目标
护理措施
护理评价
了解:其它消化系统疾病患儿的护理
口炎
肠套叠
急性坏死性小肠炎
先天性巨结肠
Chapter 12 Nursing Care of the Child with a Blood Disorder
第十二章 血液系统疾病患儿的护理
Hematopoiesis and the Blood Components
Hematopoiesis in Childhood
Blood and its Components
Therapeutic Techniques Involving Blood and Blood Products
Blood and Blood Component Transfusions
Bone Marrow Aspiration
Bone Marrow Transplantation
Nursing Care of the Child with Disorders of the Red Blood Cells
Introduction of Anemia
Iron Deficiency Anemia
Nutritional Megaloblastic Anemia
Nursing Care of the Child with Disorders of White Blood Cells
Neutrophilia
Neutropenia
Eosinophilia
Lymphocytosis
Leukemia
Nursing Care of the Child with Disorders of Blood Coagulation
Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura
Hemophilia
熟悉:小儿造血与血液特点
小儿造血
血液特点
了解:血液及血制品相关的治疗技术
输血与成分输血
骨髓穿刺抽吸术
骨髓移植
掌握:红细胞障碍性疾病
贫血概述
缺铁性贫血
营养性巨幼细胞性贫血
熟悉:白细胞障碍性疾病
中性粒细胞增多症
中性粒细胞减少症
嗜酸性粒细胞增多症
淋巴细胞增多症
白血病
熟悉:凝血功能障碍性疾病
特发性血小板减少性紫癜
血友病
Chapter 13 Nursing Care of the Child with a Renal
or Urinary Tract Disorder
第十三章 泌尿系统疾病患儿的护理
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF THE URINARY SYSTEM
Kidneys
Ureters
Bladder
Urethra
Urine
ASSESSMENT OF URINARY TRACT STRUCTURAL ABNORMALITIES AND DYSFUNCTION
Patient history
Physical examination
Diagnostic tests
NURSING CARE OF THE CHILD WITH ACUTE GLOMERLOEPHRITIS
Pathophysiology and etiology
Clinical manifestation
Diagnostic evaluation
Management
Prognosis and complications
Nursing assessment
Nursing Diagnosis
Expected outcomes
Nursing interventions
Outcome-based evaluation
NURSING CARE OF THE CHILD WITH NEPHROTIC SYNDROME (NEPHROSIS) Pathophysiology and etiology
Clinical manifestations
Diagnostic evaluation
Management
Prognosis and complications
Nursing assessment
Nursing diagnosis
Nursing interventions
Outcome-based evaluation
NURSING CARE OF THE CHILD WITH URINARY TRACT INFECTION (UTIs)
Pathophysioloogy and etiology
Classification of UTIs
Clinical manifestation
Diagnostic evaluation
Management
Nursing assessment
Nursing diagnosis
Nursing interventions
Outcome-based evaluation
SUMMARY
熟悉:泌尿系统的解剖和生理
肾脏
输尿管
膀胱
尿道
尿液
了解:泌尿系统结构异常和功能障碍的调节
病史
体格检查
诊断性实验
掌握:急性肾小球肾炎病儿的护理
病理病因
临床表现
诊断性实验
治疗要点
预后及并发症
护理评估
护理诊断
预期目标
护理措施
评价方法
掌握:肾病综合症(肾病)病儿的护理
病理病因
临床表现
诊断性实验
治疗要点
预后及并发症
护理评估
护理诊断
预期目标
护理措施
评价方法
熟悉:泌尿道感染病儿的护理
病理病因
临床表现
诊断性实验
治疗要点
预后及并发症
护理评估
护理诊断
预期目标
护理措施
评价方法
Chapter 14 Nursing Care of the Child with a Neurologic Disorder
第十四章 神经系统疾病患儿的护理
Assessing the child with a neurologic disorder
Growth and development of Nervous system
Nursing assessment of child with a neurologic disorder
Hydrocephalus
Cerebral palsy
Nervous system infection
Bacterial meningitis
Viral meningitis
Encephalitis
Acute postinfectious polyneuropathy
Reye syndrome
Epilepsy
Conclusion
熟悉:神经系统疾病患儿的评估
神经系统的生长发育
神经系统疾病患儿的护理评估
了解:脑积水患儿的护理
熟悉:脑性瘫痪患儿的护理
掌握:神经系统感染性疾病患儿的护理
细菌性脑膜炎
病毒性脑膜炎
脑炎
急性感染性多发性神经根炎
雷氏综合征
掌握:癫痫患儿的护理
Chapter 15 Nursing Care of the Child with a Musculoskeletal Disorder
第十五章 骨骼肌肉疾病患儿的护理
Overview on Nursing Care of the Child with a Musculoskeletal Disorder
Therapeutic Management of Musculoskeletal Disorders in Children
Cast
Traction
Distraction
Crutches
Disorders of Bone Development
Flat Feet
Genu Varm
Tibia Vara
Genu Valgum
Toeing-in
Scoliosis
Infectious and Inflammatory Disorders of the Bones and Joints
Osteomyelitis
Septic Arthritis
Synovitis
Disorders of the Skeletal Muscles
Myasthenia Gravis
Dermatomyositis
Muscular Dystrophies
Disorders of the Extremities
Shoulder Dislocation
Nursemaid's Elbow
Radial Clubhand
Ganglion
Polydactyly and Syndactyly
Knee Injuries
Foot Injurries
熟悉:骨骼肌肉系统疾病患儿的护理概述
熟悉:骨骼肌肉系统患儿的治疗措施
石膏
牵引
分开术
拐杖
熟悉:骨骼发育不良性疾病
平跖足
膝内翻
膝外翻
髋关节发育不良
趾内翻
脊柱侧弯
了解:关节感染和炎症
骨髓炎
化脓性关节炎
滑膜炎
了解:骨骼肌肉疾病
重症肌无力
皮肌炎
肌肉营养不良
了解:肢体疾病
肩关节脱臼
保姆肘
桡骨缺失性畸形手
腱鞘囊肿
多指和并指
膝部损伤
手指损伤
足部损伤
Chapter 16 Nursing Care of the Child with an Endocrine or Metabolic Disorder
第十六章 内分泌疾病或代谢疾病患儿的护理
DISORDERS CAUSED BY PITUITARY GLAND DYSFUNCTION
Hypopituitarism
Hyperpituiarism
Diabetes Insipidus
DISORDERS OF THE THYROID GLAND
Hypothyroidism
Hyperthyroidism
DISORDERS OF THE ADRENAL GLAND
Acute adrenocortical insufficiency
Chronic adrenocortical insufficiency
DISORDERS OF THE PARATHYROID GLANDS
Hypoparathyroidism
Hyperparathyrodism
METABOLIC DISORDERS
Phenylketonuria
Galactosemia
Childhood Diabetic Mellitus
熟悉:垂体功能失调性疾病
垂体功能低下症
垂体功能亢进症
尿崩症
熟悉:甲状腺功能失调性疾病
甲状腺功能减低症
甲状腺功能亢进症
了解:肾上腺功能失调性疾病
急性肾上腺功能不足
慢性肾上腺功能不足
了解:甲状旁腺功能失调性疾病
甲状旁腺功能减退症
甲状旁腺功能亢进症
熟悉:代谢性疾病
苯丙酮尿症
半乳糖血症
儿童糖尿病
Chapter 17 Nursing Care of Children with Immune System and Connective Tissue Disorders
第十七章 免疫缺陷病及结缔组织病患儿的护理
1. Characteristics of Child Immune System
Nonspecific immune system
Specific immune system
Cell-mediated immunity
Humoral immunity
2. Primary Immunodeficiency Disease(PID)
Etiology
Classification
Clinical manifestations
X-Linked Agammaglobulinemia (XLA)
Transient hypogammaglobulinemia of infancy (THI)
Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID)
DiGeorge Anomaly
Diagnosis
Treatment for PID
Nursing Diagnosis
Nursing Management
3. Connective Tissue Disorders
Rheumatic Fever
Etiology and pathogenesis
Pathology
Clinical manifestations
General appearance
Major manifestations
Laboratory findings
Principles of Treatment
Evaluation of nursing care
Nursing diagnosis
Nursing practice
Juvenile Rheumatoid Disease
Etiology and pathogenesis
Pathology
Clinical manifestations
Diagnoses
Principles of Treatment
Nursing diagnosis
Nursing practice
Anaphylactoid Purpura
Etiology and pathogenesis
Pathology
Clinical manifestations
Laboratory findings
Principles of Treatment
Nursing diagnosis
Nursing practice
Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome
Etiology
Pathology
Clinical manifestations
Lab Studies
Professional Treatment
Nursing diagnosis
Nursing measures
了解: 小儿免疫系统特征
一,非特异性免疫
二,特异性免疫
(一)细胞免疫
(二)体液免疫
了解:原发性免疫缺陷病
病因
分类
临床表现
X-连锁无丙种球蛋白血症(X-LA)
婴儿暂时性低丙种球蛋白血症
常见变异型免疫缺陷病
先天性胸腺发育不全
诊断
治疗
护理诊断
护理措施
掌握:结缔组织病患儿的护理
一,风 湿 热
病因和发病机理
病理
临床表现
(一)一般表现
(二)主要表现
实验室检查
治疗要点
护理评估
护理诊断
护理措施
二,儿童类风湿病
病因和发病机理
病理
临床表现
诊断
治疗要点
护理诊断
护理措施
三,过敏性紫癜
病因和发病机理
病理
临床表现
实验室检查
治疗要点
护理诊断
护理措施
四,皮肤黏膜淋巴结综合征
病因和发病机理
病理
临床表现
实验室检查
治疗要点
护理诊断
护理措施
Chapter18 Nursing Care Of The Child With Genetic Disorders
第十八章 遗传性疾病患儿护理
Overview
Down Syndrome
Etiology and pathophysiology
Clinical manifestations
Treatment and prognosis
Nursing considerations
Support family at time of diagnosis
Assist family in physical problems
Prevent infection
Promote child's developmental progress
Assist in prenatal diagnosis and genetic counseling.
Glycogen Storage Diseases
TypeⅠglycogen storage disease
Etiology and pathophysiology
Clinical manifestations
Treatment and prognosis
TypeⅡglycogen storage disease
Etiology and pathophysiology
Clinical manifestations
Treatment principal
Nursing considerations
了解:概述
熟悉:21-三体综合征患儿的护理
病因及发病机制
临床表现
治疗与预后
护理要点
家庭支持
加强生活护理
预防感染
促进生长发育
遗传咨询
了解:糖原累积病患儿的护理
Ⅰ型糖原累积病
病因及发病机制
临床表现
治疗与预后
Ⅱ型糖原累积病
病因及发病机制
临床表现
治疗原则
护理要点
Chapter 19 Nursing Care of the child with an Infectious Disorder
第十九章 传染病患儿的护理
Infectious Process
Stages of Infectious Disease
Chains of Infection
Immune Response to Organisms
Preventing the Spread of Infections in the Hospital
General Precautions to Prevent and Control Infection
Maintain Indicated Isolation Precautions
Viral Infections
Measles (Rubeola)
Chickenpox (Varicella)
Mumps (Epidemic Parotitis)
Poliomyelitis (Infantile Paralysis)
Epidemic Encephalitits B (Japanese Encephalititis)
Bactrerial Infections
Pertussis (Whooping cough)
Bacillary Tuberculosis, toxic type
Childhood Tuberculosis
Introduction
Primary Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Tuberculous Meningitis
熟悉:传染过程
传染病分期
感染链
机体对微生物的免疫反应
熟悉:预防院内感染的传播
预防和控制院内感染的一般措施
采取一定的隔离措施
掌握:病毒感染性疾病
麻疹
水痘
流行性腮腺炎
脊髓灰质炎
流行性乙型脑炎
掌握:细菌感染性疾病
百日咳
中毒性细菌性痢疾
小儿结核
概述
原发性肺结核
结核性脑膜炎
Chapter 20 Nursing Care of Children in Emergency
第二十章 小儿急症护理
General guidelines for caring children in emergency
Communicate an Attitude of Calm Confidence
Acknowledge the Child's and Family Fears
Try to Avoid Separating the Child and Parents
Provide incentives and rewards
Assess the child's unspoken thoughts and feelings
Emergency assessment of infants and children
Primary Assessment
Airway assessment
Breathing assessment
Cardiovascular assessment
Neurological assessment
Exposure
Secondary Assessment
Vital signs
History assessment
Diagnosis Tests
Weight
Parent-child relationships
The Sequence of Pediatric Basic Life Support (BLS) and Child Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
Airway
Initial assessment and intervention
Assessment of Airway
Breathing
Obstructed Airway Management
Circulation
Chest Compression
Applying drug for resuscitation
Nursing Care of a Child with Respiratory Distress/failure
Nursing Care of a Child with Acute Increased Intracranial Pressure
Nursing Care of a Child with Airway Obstruction by Foreign Bodies
熟悉:小儿急症护理常规
以沉着从容及自信的态度与患儿及家属交流
接受患儿及其家庭的恐惧心理
最好避免使患儿与其家长分离
提供鼓励和奖赏
尝试着去了解患儿的想法和感觉但不要妄自评价
掌握:小儿急症的评估
首次评估
气道评估
呼吸评估
心血管功能评估
神经系统的评估
全身检查
再次评估
生命体征的评估
既往史的评估
诊断性试验
体重
父母与患儿的关系
掌握:小儿基本生命支持和心肺复苏
气道
最初的评估和干预
气道的评估
建立呼吸
气道阻塞的处理
建立血循环
心脏按压
应用复苏药物
熟悉:呼吸衰竭患儿的护理
熟悉:急性颅内压增高患儿的护理
掌握:异物阻塞患儿的护理
Chapter 21 Nursing Care of the Child with Cancer
第二十一章 肿瘤患儿的护理
Assessing children with malignancies
History
Clinical manifestation
Diagnosis procedures
Staging of malignancy
Cancer Treatment Measures Used with Children
The leukemias
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Acute myeloid leukemia
The lymphoma
Hodgkin's disease
Non-Hodgkin's disease
Neoplasms of the brain
Osteogenic Sarcoma
Other childhood neoplasms
Neuroblastoma
Wilms' tumor
Palliative care
Appendix: Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
熟悉:恶性肿瘤患儿的评估
病史
临床表现
辅助检查
肿瘤分期
小儿肿瘤常见的治疗方法
掌握:白血病患儿的护理
急性淋巴细胞性白血病
急性髓细胞性白血病
熟悉:淋巴瘤患儿的护理
霍奇金病
非霍奇金淋巴瘤
了解:脑肿瘤
了解:骨肉瘤
了解:其他小儿肿瘤疾病
神经母细胞瘤
威尔姆瘤
熟悉:姑息治疗
附录:造血干细胞移植
Chapter 22 Nursing Care of the Child with Cognitive or Mental Health Disorders
第二十二章 认知或精神障碍患儿的护理
Classification Of Childhood Mental Disorders
Mental Retardation
Etiology and Pathophysiology
Assessment
Principle of Treatment
Nursing diagnoses
Expected outcomes
Nursing intervention
Provide emotional support and information
Maintain a safe environment
Promote optimum development
Teach child self-help skills
Educate child and family
Prevent mental retardation
Evaluation
Autistic Disorder
Etiology and pathophysiology
Assessment
Principle of Treatment
Nursing diagnoses
Nursing intervention
Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Etiology and Pathophysiology
Assessment
Principle of Treatment
Nursing diagnoses
Nursing intervention
Administer medications
Manipulate environment
Promote self-esteem
Provide family support.
Anxiety Disorders Of Childhood Or
Adolescence
Eating Disorders
Pica
Anorexia nervosa
Etiology and pathophysiology
Assessment
Principle of Treatment
Nursing diagnoses
Expected outcomes
Nursing intervention
Evaluation
Bulimia nervosa
Etiology and pathophysiology
Assessment
Principle of Treatment
Nursing diagnoses
Nursing intervention
Tourette's Syndrome
Elimination Disorders
Functional encopresis
Functional enuresis
Suicide
熟悉:小儿精神疾患的分类
熟悉:精神发育迟滞
病因及发病机制
评估
治疗原则
护理诊断
预期结果
护理措施
提供信息与情感支持
保证安全
促进发展
训练患儿自我照顾能力
教育训练
预防精神发育迟滞疾病
评价
掌握:孤独症
病因及发病机制
评估
治疗原则
护理诊断
护理措施
掌握:注意缺陷多动障碍
病因及发病机制
评估
治疗原则
护理诊断
护理措施
给药护理
环境管理
提高自尊
提供家庭支持
掌握:儿童焦虑症
熟悉:进食障碍
异食癖
神经性厌食
病因及发病机制
评估
治疗原则
护理诊断
预期结果
护理措施
评价
神经性贪食
病因及发病机制
评估
治疗原则
护理诊断
护理措施
了解:多发性抽动症
熟悉:排泄障碍
功能性遗粪
功能性遗尿
熟悉:自杀倾向患儿的护理
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